Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Identifieur interne : 004140 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004139; suivant : 004141Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Auteurs : Nicholas J. Kassebaum [États-Unis] ; Amelia Bertozzi-Villa [États-Unis] ; Megan S. Coggeshall [États-Unis] ; Katya A. Shackelford [États-Unis] ; Caitlyn Steiner ; Kyle R. Heuton [États-Unis] ; Diego Gonzalez-Medina [États-Unis] ; Ryan Barber [États-Unis] ; Chantal Huynh [États-Unis] ; Daniel Dicker [États-Unis] ; Tara Templin [États-Unis] ; Timothy M. Wolock [États-Unis] ; AYSE ABBASOGLU OZGOREN ; Foad Abd-Allah [Égypte] ; Semaw Ferede Abera [Éthiopie] ; Ibrahim Abubakar [Royaume-Uni] ; Tom Achoki [Botswana] ; Ademola Adelekan [Nigeria] ; Zanfina Ademi [Australie] ; Arsene Kouablan Adou [Côte d'Ivoire] ; José C. Adsuar [Espagne] ; Emilie E. Agardh [Suède] ; Dickens Akena [Ouganda] ; Deena Alasfoor [Oman] ; Zewdie Aderaw Alemu [Éthiopie] ; Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho [États-Unis] ; Samia Alhabib [Arabie saoudite] ; Raghib Ali [Royaume-Uni] ; Mazin J. Al Kahbouri [Oman] ; François Alla [France] ; Peter J. Allen [Belize] ; Mohammad A. Almazroa [Arabie saoudite] ; Ubai Alsharif ; Elena Alvarez [Espagne] ; Nelson Alvis-Guzman [Colombie] ; Adansi A. Amankwaa [États-Unis] ; Azmeraw T. Amare [Pays-Bas, Éthiopie] ; Hassan Amini ; Walid Ammar ; Carl A. T. Antonio ; Palwasha Anwari ; Johan Rnlöv ; VALENTINAS ARSIC ARSENIJEVIC ; Ali Artaman ; MAJED MASOUD ASAD ; Rana J. Asghar ; Reza Assadi ; Lydia S. Atkins ; Alaa Badawi ; Kalpana Balakrishnan ; Arindam Basu ; Sanjay Basu ; Justin Beardsley ; Neeraj Bedi ; Tolesa Bekele ; Michelle L. Bell ; Eduardo Bernabe ; Tariku J. Beyene ; Zulfiqar Bhutta ; AREF BIN ABDULHAKSource :
- Lancet : (British edition) [ 0140-6736 ] ; 2014.
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English descriptors
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Abstract
Background The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery. Methods We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to analyse a database of data for 7065 site-years and estimate the number of maternal deaths from all causes in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. We estimated the number of pregnancy-related deaths caused by HIV on the basis of a systematic review of the relative risk of dying during pregnancy for HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. We also estimated the fraction of these deaths aggravated by pregnancy on the basis of a systematic review. To estimate the numbers of maternal deaths due to nine different causes, we identified 61 sources from a systematic review and 943 site-years of vital registration data. We also did a systematic review of reports about the timing of maternal death, identifying 142 sources to use in our analysis. We developed estimates for each country for 1990-2013 using Bayesian meta-regression.
Affiliations:
- Arabie saoudite, Australie, Belize, Botswana, Colombie, Côte d'Ivoire, Espagne, France, Nigeria, Oman, Ouganda, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suède, Égypte, États-Unis, Éthiopie
- Angleterre, Communauté de Madrid, Grand Est, Grand Londres, Groningue (province), Lorraine (région), Oxfordshire, Svealand, Victoria (État), Washington (État)
- Groningue, Groningue (ville), Londres, Madrid, Melbourne, Nancy, Oxford, Seattle, Stockholm
- University College de Londres, Université d'Oxford, Université de Groningue, Université de Melbourne, Université de Washington
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Agardh</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Institution of Public Health Sciences</s1><s2>Stockholm</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suède</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akena, Dickens" sort="Akena, Dickens" uniqKey="Akena D" first="Dickens" last="Akena">Dickens Akena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Makerere University</s1><s2>Kampala</s2><s3>UGA</s3><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Ouganda</country><wicri:noRegion>Makerere University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alasfoor, Deena" sort="Alasfoor, Deena" uniqKey="Alasfoor D" first="Deena" last="Alasfoor">Deena Alasfoor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Muscat</s2><s3>OMN</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Oman</country><wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw" sort="Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw" uniqKey="Alemu Z" first="Zewdie Aderaw" last="Alemu">Zewdie Aderaw Alemu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Debre Markos University</s1><s2>Debre Markos, Amhara</s2><s3>ETH</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Éthiopie</country><wicri:noRegion>Debre Markos University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael" sort="Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael" uniqKey="Alfonso Cristancho R" first="Rafael" last="Alfonso-Cristancho">Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>University of Washington</s1><s2>Seattle, WA</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alhabib, Samia" sort="Alhabib, Samia" uniqKey="Alhabib S" first="Samia" last="Alhabib">Samia Alhabib</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>National Guard Health Affairs</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>National Guard Health Affairs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Raghib" sort="Ali, Raghib" uniqKey="Ali R" first="Raghib" last="Ali">Raghib Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>University of Oxford</s1><s2>Oxford</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahbouri, Mazin J Al" sort="Kahbouri, Mazin J Al" uniqKey="Kahbouri M" first="Mazin J. 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Almazroa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Saudi Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>32 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Saudi Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alsharif, Ubai" sort="Alsharif, Ubai" uniqKey="Alsharif U" first="Ubai" last="Alsharif">Ubai Alsharif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez, Elena" sort="Alvarez, Elena" uniqKey="Alvarez E" first="Elena" last="Alvarez">Elena Alvarez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="20"><s1>Spanish Observatory on Drugs, Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs</s1><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><wicri:noRegion>Spanish Observatory on Drugs, Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="21"><s1>Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality</s1><s2>Madrid</s2><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvis Guzman, Nelson" sort="Alvis Guzman, Nelson" uniqKey="Alvis Guzman N" first="Nelson" last="Alvis-Guzman">Nelson Alvis-Guzman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="22"><s1>Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias</s1><s3>COL</s3><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Colombie</country><wicri:noRegion>Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amankwaa, Adansi A" sort="Amankwaa, Adansi A" uniqKey="Amankwaa A" first="Adansi A." last="Amankwaa">Adansi A. Amankwaa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="23"><s1>Albany State University</s1><s2>Albany, GA</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Albany State University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amare, Azmeraw T" sort="Amare, Azmeraw T" uniqKey="Amare A" first="Azmeraw T." last="Amare">Azmeraw T. Amare</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen</s1><s2>Groningen</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="25"><s1>College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University</s1><s2>Bahir Dar</s2><s3>ETH</s3><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Éthiopie</country><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amini, Hassan" sort="Amini, Hassan" uniqKey="Amini H" first="Hassan" last="Amini">Hassan Amini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ammar, Walid" sort="Ammar, Walid" uniqKey="Ammar W" first="Walid" last="Ammar">Walid Ammar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antonio, Carl A T" sort="Antonio, Carl A T" uniqKey="Antonio C" first="Carl A. T." last="Antonio">Carl A. T. Antonio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anwari, Palwasha" sort="Anwari, Palwasha" uniqKey="Anwari P" first="Palwasha" last="Anwari">Palwasha Anwari</name></author><author><name sortKey=" Rnlov, Johan" sort=" Rnlov, Johan" uniqKey=" Rnlov J" first="Johan" last=" Rnlöv">Johan Rnlöv</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic" sort="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic" uniqKey="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic" last="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic">VALENTINAS ARSIC ARSENIJEVIC</name></author><author><name sortKey="Artaman, Ali" sort="Artaman, Ali" uniqKey="Artaman A" first="Ali" last="Artaman">Ali Artaman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Majed Masoud Asad" sort="Majed Masoud Asad" uniqKey="Majed Masoud Asad" last="Majed Masoud Asad">MAJED MASOUD ASAD</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asghar, Rana J" sort="Asghar, Rana J" uniqKey="Asghar R" first="Rana J." last="Asghar">Rana J. Asghar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assadi, Reza" sort="Assadi, Reza" uniqKey="Assadi R" first="Reza" last="Assadi">Reza Assadi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atkins, Lydia S" sort="Atkins, Lydia S" uniqKey="Atkins L" first="Lydia S." last="Atkins">Lydia S. Atkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badawi, Alaa" sort="Badawi, Alaa" uniqKey="Badawi A" first="Alaa" last="Badawi">Alaa Badawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balakrishnan, Kalpana" sort="Balakrishnan, Kalpana" uniqKey="Balakrishnan K" first="Kalpana" last="Balakrishnan">Kalpana Balakrishnan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basu, Arindam" sort="Basu, Arindam" uniqKey="Basu A" first="Arindam" last="Basu">Arindam Basu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basu, Sanjay" sort="Basu, Sanjay" uniqKey="Basu S" first="Sanjay" last="Basu">Sanjay Basu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beardsley, Justin" sort="Beardsley, Justin" uniqKey="Beardsley J" first="Justin" last="Beardsley">Justin Beardsley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bedi, Neeraj" sort="Bedi, Neeraj" uniqKey="Bedi N" first="Neeraj" last="Bedi">Neeraj Bedi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bekele, Tolesa" sort="Bekele, Tolesa" uniqKey="Bekele T" first="Tolesa" last="Bekele">Tolesa Bekele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bell, Michelle L" sort="Bell, Michelle L" uniqKey="Bell M" first="Michelle L." last="Bell">Michelle L. Bell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bernabe, Eduardo" sort="Bernabe, Eduardo" uniqKey="Bernabe E" first="Eduardo" last="Bernabe">Eduardo Bernabe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beyene, Tariku J" sort="Beyene, Tariku J" uniqKey="Beyene T" first="Tariku J." last="Beyene">Tariku J. Beyene</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhutta, Zulfiqar" sort="Bhutta, Zulfiqar" uniqKey="Bhutta Z" first="Zulfiqar" last="Bhutta">Zulfiqar Bhutta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aref Bin Abdulhak" sort="Aref Bin Abdulhak" uniqKey="Aref Bin Abdulhak" last="Aref Bin Abdulhak">AREF BIN ABDULHAK</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">14-0234768</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 14-0234768 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:14-0234768</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000247</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">005C16</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000279</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000279</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0140-6736:2014:Kassebaum N:global:regional:and</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">004203</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">004140</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">004140</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013</title><author><name sortKey="Kassebaum, Nicholas J" sort="Kassebaum, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Kassebaum N" first="Nicholas J." last="Kassebaum">Nicholas J. Kassebaum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertozzi Villa, Amelia" sort="Bertozzi Villa, Amelia" uniqKey="Bertozzi Villa A" first="Amelia" last="Bertozzi-Villa">Amelia Bertozzi-Villa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coggeshall, Megan S" sort="Coggeshall, Megan S" uniqKey="Coggeshall M" first="Megan S." last="Coggeshall">Megan S. Coggeshall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shackelford, Katya A" sort="Shackelford, Katya A" uniqKey="Shackelford K" first="Katya A." last="Shackelford">Katya A. Shackelford</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steiner, Caitlyn" sort="Steiner, Caitlyn" uniqKey="Steiner C" first="Caitlyn" last="Steiner">Caitlyn Steiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heuton, Kyle R" sort="Heuton, Kyle R" uniqKey="Heuton K" first="Kyle R." last="Heuton">Kyle R. Heuton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Medina, Diego" sort="Gonzalez Medina, Diego" uniqKey="Gonzalez Medina D" first="Diego" last="Gonzalez-Medina">Diego Gonzalez-Medina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barber, Ryan" sort="Barber, Ryan" uniqKey="Barber R" first="Ryan" last="Barber">Ryan Barber</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huynh, Chantal" sort="Huynh, Chantal" uniqKey="Huynh C" first="Chantal" last="Huynh">Chantal Huynh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dicker, Daniel" sort="Dicker, Daniel" uniqKey="Dicker D" first="Daniel" last="Dicker">Daniel Dicker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Templin, Tara" sort="Templin, Tara" uniqKey="Templin T" first="Tara" last="Templin">Tara Templin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wolock, Timothy M" sort="Wolock, Timothy M" uniqKey="Wolock T" first="Timothy M." last="Wolock">Timothy M. Wolock</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren" sort="Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren" uniqKey="Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren" last="Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren">AYSE ABBASOGLU OZGOREN</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abd Allah, Foad" sort="Abd Allah, Foad" uniqKey="Abd Allah F" first="Foad" last="Abd-Allah">Foad Abd-Allah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University</s1><s2>Cairo</s2><s3>EGY</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Égypte</country><wicri:noRegion>Cairo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abera, Semaw Ferede" sort="Abera, Semaw Ferede" uniqKey="Abera S" first="Semaw Ferede" last="Abera">Semaw Ferede Abera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University</s1><s2>Mekelle, Tigray</s2><s3>ETH</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Éthiopie</country><wicri:noRegion>Mekelle, Tigray</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abubakar, Ibrahim" sort="Abubakar, Ibrahim" uniqKey="Abubakar I" first="Ibrahim" last="Abubakar">Ibrahim Abubakar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>University College London</s1><s2>London</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Achoki, Tom" sort="Achoki, Tom" uniqKey="Achoki T" first="Tom" last="Achoki">Tom Achoki</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Gaborone</s2><s3>BWA</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Botswana</country><wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adelekan, Ademola" sort="Adelekan, Ademola" uniqKey="Adelekan A" first="Ademola" last="Adelekan">Ademola Adelekan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Public Health Promotion Alliance</s1><s2>Osogbp</s2><s3>NGA</s3><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Nigeria</country><wicri:noRegion>Public Health Promotion Alliance</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ademi, Zanfina" sort="Ademi, Zanfina" uniqKey="Ademi Z" first="Zanfina" last="Ademi">Zanfina Ademi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>University of Melbourne</s1><s2>Melbourne, VIC</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adou, Arsene Kouablan" sort="Adou, Arsene Kouablan" uniqKey="Adou A" first="Arsene Kouablan" last="Adou">Arsene Kouablan Adou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Association Ivoirienne Pour Le Bien Etre Familial</s1><s2>Abidjan</s2><s3>CIV</s3><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Côte d'Ivoire</country><wicri:noRegion>Association Ivoirienne Pour Le Bien Etre Familial</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adsuar, Jose C" sort="Adsuar, Jose C" uniqKey="Adsuar J" first="José C." last="Adsuar">José C. Adsuar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>University of Extremadura</s1><s2>Caceres</s2><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>21 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Extremadura</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agardh, Emilie E" sort="Agardh, Emilie E" uniqKey="Agardh E" first="Emilie E." last="Agardh">Emilie E. Agardh</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Institution of Public Health Sciences</s1><s2>Stockholm</s2><s3>SWE</s3><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suède</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akena, Dickens" sort="Akena, Dickens" uniqKey="Akena D" first="Dickens" last="Akena">Dickens Akena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Makerere University</s1><s2>Kampala</s2><s3>UGA</s3><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Ouganda</country><wicri:noRegion>Makerere University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alasfoor, Deena" sort="Alasfoor, Deena" uniqKey="Alasfoor D" first="Deena" last="Alasfoor">Deena Alasfoor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Muscat</s2><s3>OMN</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Oman</country><wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw" sort="Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw" uniqKey="Alemu Z" first="Zewdie Aderaw" last="Alemu">Zewdie Aderaw Alemu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Debre Markos University</s1><s2>Debre Markos, Amhara</s2><s3>ETH</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Éthiopie</country><wicri:noRegion>Debre Markos University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael" sort="Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael" uniqKey="Alfonso Cristancho R" first="Rafael" last="Alfonso-Cristancho">Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>University of Washington</s1><s2>Seattle, WA</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alhabib, Samia" sort="Alhabib, Samia" uniqKey="Alhabib S" first="Samia" last="Alhabib">Samia Alhabib</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>National Guard Health Affairs</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>National Guard Health Affairs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Raghib" sort="Ali, Raghib" uniqKey="Ali R" first="Raghib" last="Ali">Raghib Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>University of Oxford</s1><s2>Oxford</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahbouri, Mazin J Al" sort="Kahbouri, Mazin J Al" uniqKey="Kahbouri M" first="Mazin J. Al" last="Kahbouri">Mazin J. Al Kahbouri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Muscat</s2><s3>OMN</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Oman</country><wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alla, Francois" sort="Alla, Francois" uniqKey="Alla F" first="François" last="Alla">François Alla</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>School of Public Health, University of Lorraine</s1><s2>Nancy</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>30 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Grand Est</region><region type="old region">Lorraine (région)</region><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, Peter J" sort="Allen, Peter J" uniqKey="Allen P" first="Peter J." last="Allen">Peter J. Allen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Belmopan, Cayo</s2><s3>BLZ</s3><sZ>31 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Belize</country><wicri:noRegion>Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almazroa, Mohammad A" sort="Almazroa, Mohammad A" uniqKey="Almazroa M" first="Mohammad A." last="Almazroa">Mohammad A. Almazroa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Saudi Ministry of Health</s1><s2>Riyadh</s2><s3>SAU</s3><sZ>32 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:noRegion>Saudi Ministry of Health</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alsharif, Ubai" sort="Alsharif, Ubai" uniqKey="Alsharif U" first="Ubai" last="Alsharif">Ubai Alsharif</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez, Elena" sort="Alvarez, Elena" uniqKey="Alvarez E" first="Elena" last="Alvarez">Elena Alvarez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="20"><s1>Spanish Observatory on Drugs, Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs</s1><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><wicri:noRegion>Spanish Observatory on Drugs, Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="21"><s1>Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality</s1><s2>Madrid</s2><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvis Guzman, Nelson" sort="Alvis Guzman, Nelson" uniqKey="Alvis Guzman N" first="Nelson" last="Alvis-Guzman">Nelson Alvis-Guzman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="22"><s1>Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias</s1><s3>COL</s3><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Colombie</country><wicri:noRegion>Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amankwaa, Adansi A" sort="Amankwaa, Adansi A" uniqKey="Amankwaa A" first="Adansi A." last="Amankwaa">Adansi A. Amankwaa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="23"><s1>Albany State University</s1><s2>Albany, GA</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Albany State University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amare, Azmeraw T" sort="Amare, Azmeraw T" uniqKey="Amare A" first="Azmeraw T." last="Amare">Azmeraw T. Amare</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen</s1><s2>Groningen</s2><s3>NLD</s3><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pays-Bas</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Groningue</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Groningue (province)</region><settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="25"><s1>College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University</s1><s2>Bahir Dar</s2><s3>ETH</s3><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Éthiopie</country><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amini, Hassan" sort="Amini, Hassan" uniqKey="Amini H" first="Hassan" last="Amini">Hassan Amini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ammar, Walid" sort="Ammar, Walid" uniqKey="Ammar W" first="Walid" last="Ammar">Walid Ammar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antonio, Carl A T" sort="Antonio, Carl A T" uniqKey="Antonio C" first="Carl A. T." last="Antonio">Carl A. T. Antonio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anwari, Palwasha" sort="Anwari, Palwasha" uniqKey="Anwari P" first="Palwasha" last="Anwari">Palwasha Anwari</name></author><author><name sortKey=" Rnlov, Johan" sort=" Rnlov, Johan" uniqKey=" Rnlov J" first="Johan" last=" Rnlöv">Johan Rnlöv</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic" sort="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic" uniqKey="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic" last="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic">VALENTINAS ARSIC ARSENIJEVIC</name></author><author><name sortKey="Artaman, Ali" sort="Artaman, Ali" uniqKey="Artaman A" first="Ali" last="Artaman">Ali Artaman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Majed Masoud Asad" sort="Majed Masoud Asad" uniqKey="Majed Masoud Asad" last="Majed Masoud Asad">MAJED MASOUD ASAD</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asghar, Rana J" sort="Asghar, Rana J" uniqKey="Asghar R" first="Rana J." last="Asghar">Rana J. Asghar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assadi, Reza" sort="Assadi, Reza" uniqKey="Assadi R" first="Reza" last="Assadi">Reza Assadi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atkins, Lydia S" sort="Atkins, Lydia S" uniqKey="Atkins L" first="Lydia S." last="Atkins">Lydia S. Atkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badawi, Alaa" sort="Badawi, Alaa" uniqKey="Badawi A" first="Alaa" last="Badawi">Alaa Badawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balakrishnan, Kalpana" sort="Balakrishnan, Kalpana" uniqKey="Balakrishnan K" first="Kalpana" last="Balakrishnan">Kalpana Balakrishnan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basu, Arindam" sort="Basu, Arindam" uniqKey="Basu A" first="Arindam" last="Basu">Arindam Basu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basu, Sanjay" sort="Basu, Sanjay" uniqKey="Basu S" first="Sanjay" last="Basu">Sanjay Basu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beardsley, Justin" sort="Beardsley, Justin" uniqKey="Beardsley J" first="Justin" last="Beardsley">Justin Beardsley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bedi, Neeraj" sort="Bedi, Neeraj" uniqKey="Bedi N" first="Neeraj" last="Bedi">Neeraj Bedi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bekele, Tolesa" sort="Bekele, Tolesa" uniqKey="Bekele T" first="Tolesa" last="Bekele">Tolesa Bekele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bell, Michelle L" sort="Bell, Michelle L" uniqKey="Bell M" first="Michelle L." last="Bell">Michelle L. Bell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bernabe, Eduardo" sort="Bernabe, Eduardo" uniqKey="Bernabe E" first="Eduardo" last="Bernabe">Eduardo Bernabe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beyene, Tariku J" sort="Beyene, Tariku J" uniqKey="Beyene T" first="Tariku J." last="Beyene">Tariku J. Beyene</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhutta, Zulfiqar" sort="Bhutta, Zulfiqar" uniqKey="Bhutta Z" first="Zulfiqar" last="Bhutta">Zulfiqar Bhutta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aref Bin Abdulhak" sort="Aref Bin Abdulhak" uniqKey="Aref Bin Abdulhak" last="Aref Bin Abdulhak">AREF BIN ABDULHAK</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Lancet : (British edition)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Lancet : (Br. ed.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Lancet : (British edition)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Lancet : (Br. ed.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0140-6736</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>1990</term><term>Cause</term><term>Epidemiology</term><term>Health</term><term>Medicine</term><term>Morbidity</term><term>Mortality</term><term>Mother</term><term>Pregnancy</term><term>Regional</term><term>Statistical analysis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Régional</term><term>Cause</term><term>Gestation</term><term>Santé</term><term>Mère</term><term>Mortalité</term><term>Epidémiologie</term><term>1990</term><term>Analyse statistique</term><term>Morbidité</term><term>Médecine</term><term>National</term><term>Années 1990</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mortalité</term><term>Médecine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery. Methods We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to analyse a database of data for 7065 site-years and estimate the number of maternal deaths from all causes in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. We estimated the number of pregnancy-related deaths caused by HIV on the basis of a systematic review of the relative risk of dying during pregnancy for HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. We also estimated the fraction of these deaths aggravated by pregnancy on the basis of a systematic review. To estimate the numbers of maternal deaths due to nine different causes, we identified 61 sources from a systematic review and 943 site-years of vital registration data. We also did a systematic review of reports about the timing of maternal death, identifying 142 sources to use in our analysis. We developed estimates for each country for 1990-2013 using Bayesian meta-regression.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belize</li><li>Botswana</li><li>Colombie</li><li>Côte d'Ivoire</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Nigeria</li><li>Oman</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suède</li><li>Égypte</li><li>États-Unis</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Grand Est</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Groningue (province)</li><li>Lorraine (région)</li><li>Oxfordshire</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Victoria (État)</li><li>Washington (État)</li></region><settlement><li>Groningue</li><li>Groningue (ville)</li><li>Londres</li><li>Madrid</li><li>Melbourne</li><li>Nancy</li><li>Oxford</li><li>Seattle</li><li>Stockholm</li></settlement><orgName><li>University College de Londres</li><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université de Groningue</li><li>Université de Melbourne</li><li>Université de Washington</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey=" Rnlov, Johan" sort=" Rnlov, Johan" uniqKey=" Rnlov J" first="Johan" last=" Rnlöv">Johan Rnlöv</name><name sortKey="Alsharif, Ubai" sort="Alsharif, Ubai" uniqKey="Alsharif U" first="Ubai" last="Alsharif">Ubai Alsharif</name><name sortKey="Amini, Hassan" sort="Amini, Hassan" uniqKey="Amini H" first="Hassan" last="Amini">Hassan Amini</name><name sortKey="Ammar, Walid" sort="Ammar, Walid" uniqKey="Ammar W" first="Walid" last="Ammar">Walid Ammar</name><name sortKey="Antonio, Carl A T" sort="Antonio, Carl A T" uniqKey="Antonio C" first="Carl A. T." last="Antonio">Carl A. T. Antonio</name><name sortKey="Anwari, Palwasha" sort="Anwari, Palwasha" uniqKey="Anwari P" first="Palwasha" last="Anwari">Palwasha Anwari</name><name sortKey="Aref Bin Abdulhak" sort="Aref Bin Abdulhak" uniqKey="Aref Bin Abdulhak" last="Aref Bin Abdulhak">AREF BIN ABDULHAK</name><name sortKey="Artaman, Ali" sort="Artaman, Ali" uniqKey="Artaman A" first="Ali" last="Artaman">Ali Artaman</name><name sortKey="Asghar, Rana J" sort="Asghar, Rana J" uniqKey="Asghar R" first="Rana J." last="Asghar">Rana J. Asghar</name><name sortKey="Assadi, Reza" sort="Assadi, Reza" uniqKey="Assadi R" first="Reza" last="Assadi">Reza Assadi</name><name sortKey="Atkins, Lydia S" sort="Atkins, Lydia S" uniqKey="Atkins L" first="Lydia S." last="Atkins">Lydia S. Atkins</name><name sortKey="Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren" sort="Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren" uniqKey="Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren" last="Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren">AYSE ABBASOGLU OZGOREN</name><name sortKey="Badawi, Alaa" sort="Badawi, Alaa" uniqKey="Badawi A" first="Alaa" last="Badawi">Alaa Badawi</name><name sortKey="Balakrishnan, Kalpana" sort="Balakrishnan, Kalpana" uniqKey="Balakrishnan K" first="Kalpana" last="Balakrishnan">Kalpana Balakrishnan</name><name sortKey="Basu, Arindam" sort="Basu, Arindam" uniqKey="Basu A" first="Arindam" last="Basu">Arindam Basu</name><name sortKey="Basu, Sanjay" sort="Basu, Sanjay" uniqKey="Basu S" first="Sanjay" last="Basu">Sanjay Basu</name><name sortKey="Beardsley, Justin" sort="Beardsley, Justin" uniqKey="Beardsley J" first="Justin" last="Beardsley">Justin Beardsley</name><name sortKey="Bedi, Neeraj" sort="Bedi, Neeraj" uniqKey="Bedi N" first="Neeraj" last="Bedi">Neeraj Bedi</name><name sortKey="Bekele, Tolesa" sort="Bekele, Tolesa" uniqKey="Bekele T" first="Tolesa" last="Bekele">Tolesa Bekele</name><name sortKey="Bell, Michelle L" sort="Bell, Michelle L" uniqKey="Bell M" first="Michelle L." last="Bell">Michelle L. Bell</name><name sortKey="Bernabe, Eduardo" sort="Bernabe, Eduardo" uniqKey="Bernabe E" first="Eduardo" last="Bernabe">Eduardo Bernabe</name><name sortKey="Beyene, Tariku J" sort="Beyene, Tariku J" uniqKey="Beyene T" first="Tariku J." last="Beyene">Tariku J. Beyene</name><name sortKey="Bhutta, Zulfiqar" sort="Bhutta, Zulfiqar" uniqKey="Bhutta Z" first="Zulfiqar" last="Bhutta">Zulfiqar Bhutta</name><name sortKey="Majed Masoud Asad" sort="Majed Masoud Asad" uniqKey="Majed Masoud Asad" last="Majed Masoud Asad">MAJED MASOUD ASAD</name><name sortKey="Steiner, Caitlyn" sort="Steiner, Caitlyn" uniqKey="Steiner C" first="Caitlyn" last="Steiner">Caitlyn Steiner</name><name sortKey="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic" sort="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic" uniqKey="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic" last="Valentinas Arsic Arsenijevic">VALENTINAS ARSIC ARSENIJEVIC</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kassebaum, Nicholas J" sort="Kassebaum, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Kassebaum N" first="Nicholas J." last="Kassebaum">Nicholas J. Kassebaum</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael" sort="Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael" uniqKey="Alfonso Cristancho R" first="Rafael" last="Alfonso-Cristancho">Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho</name><name sortKey="Amankwaa, Adansi A" sort="Amankwaa, Adansi A" uniqKey="Amankwaa A" first="Adansi A." last="Amankwaa">Adansi A. Amankwaa</name><name sortKey="Barber, Ryan" sort="Barber, Ryan" uniqKey="Barber R" first="Ryan" last="Barber">Ryan Barber</name><name sortKey="Bertozzi Villa, Amelia" sort="Bertozzi Villa, Amelia" uniqKey="Bertozzi Villa A" first="Amelia" last="Bertozzi-Villa">Amelia Bertozzi-Villa</name><name sortKey="Coggeshall, Megan S" sort="Coggeshall, Megan S" uniqKey="Coggeshall M" first="Megan S." last="Coggeshall">Megan S. Coggeshall</name><name sortKey="Dicker, Daniel" sort="Dicker, Daniel" uniqKey="Dicker D" first="Daniel" last="Dicker">Daniel Dicker</name><name sortKey="Gonzalez Medina, Diego" sort="Gonzalez Medina, Diego" uniqKey="Gonzalez Medina D" first="Diego" last="Gonzalez-Medina">Diego Gonzalez-Medina</name><name sortKey="Heuton, Kyle R" sort="Heuton, Kyle R" uniqKey="Heuton K" first="Kyle R." last="Heuton">Kyle R. Heuton</name><name sortKey="Huynh, Chantal" sort="Huynh, Chantal" uniqKey="Huynh C" first="Chantal" last="Huynh">Chantal Huynh</name><name sortKey="Shackelford, Katya A" sort="Shackelford, Katya A" uniqKey="Shackelford K" first="Katya A." last="Shackelford">Katya A. Shackelford</name><name sortKey="Templin, Tara" sort="Templin, Tara" uniqKey="Templin T" first="Tara" last="Templin">Tara Templin</name><name sortKey="Wolock, Timothy M" sort="Wolock, Timothy M" uniqKey="Wolock T" first="Timothy M." last="Wolock">Timothy M. Wolock</name></country><country name="Égypte"><noRegion><name sortKey="Abd Allah, Foad" sort="Abd Allah, Foad" uniqKey="Abd Allah F" first="Foad" last="Abd-Allah">Foad Abd-Allah</name></noRegion></country><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Abera, Semaw Ferede" sort="Abera, Semaw Ferede" uniqKey="Abera S" first="Semaw Ferede" last="Abera">Semaw Ferede Abera</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw" sort="Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw" uniqKey="Alemu Z" first="Zewdie Aderaw" last="Alemu">Zewdie Aderaw Alemu</name><name sortKey="Amare, Azmeraw T" sort="Amare, Azmeraw T" uniqKey="Amare A" first="Azmeraw T." last="Amare">Azmeraw T. Amare</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Abubakar, Ibrahim" sort="Abubakar, Ibrahim" uniqKey="Abubakar I" first="Ibrahim" last="Abubakar">Ibrahim Abubakar</name></region><name sortKey="Ali, Raghib" sort="Ali, Raghib" uniqKey="Ali R" first="Raghib" last="Ali">Raghib Ali</name></country><country name="Botswana"><noRegion><name sortKey="Achoki, Tom" sort="Achoki, Tom" uniqKey="Achoki T" first="Tom" last="Achoki">Tom Achoki</name></noRegion></country><country name="Nigeria"><noRegion><name sortKey="Adelekan, Ademola" sort="Adelekan, Ademola" uniqKey="Adelekan A" first="Ademola" last="Adelekan">Ademola Adelekan</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Victoria (État)"><name sortKey="Ademi, Zanfina" sort="Ademi, Zanfina" uniqKey="Ademi Z" first="Zanfina" last="Ademi">Zanfina Ademi</name></region></country><country name="Côte d'Ivoire"><noRegion><name sortKey="Adou, Arsene Kouablan" sort="Adou, Arsene Kouablan" uniqKey="Adou A" first="Arsene Kouablan" last="Adou">Arsene Kouablan Adou</name></noRegion></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Adsuar, Jose C" sort="Adsuar, Jose C" uniqKey="Adsuar J" first="José C." last="Adsuar">José C. Adsuar</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Alvarez, Elena" sort="Alvarez, Elena" uniqKey="Alvarez E" first="Elena" last="Alvarez">Elena Alvarez</name><name sortKey="Alvarez, Elena" sort="Alvarez, Elena" uniqKey="Alvarez E" first="Elena" last="Alvarez">Elena Alvarez</name></country><country name="Suède"><region name="Svealand"><name sortKey="Agardh, Emilie E" sort="Agardh, Emilie E" uniqKey="Agardh E" first="Emilie E." last="Agardh">Emilie E. Agardh</name></region></country><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Akena, Dickens" sort="Akena, Dickens" uniqKey="Akena D" first="Dickens" last="Akena">Dickens Akena</name></noRegion></country><country name="Oman"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alasfoor, Deena" sort="Alasfoor, Deena" uniqKey="Alasfoor D" first="Deena" last="Alasfoor">Deena Alasfoor</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Kahbouri, Mazin J Al" sort="Kahbouri, Mazin J Al" uniqKey="Kahbouri M" first="Mazin J. Al" last="Kahbouri">Mazin J. Al Kahbouri</name></country><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alhabib, Samia" sort="Alhabib, Samia" uniqKey="Alhabib S" first="Samia" last="Alhabib">Samia Alhabib</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Almazroa, Mohammad A" sort="Almazroa, Mohammad A" uniqKey="Almazroa M" first="Mohammad A." last="Almazroa">Mohammad A. Almazroa</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Grand Est"><name sortKey="Alla, Francois" sort="Alla, Francois" uniqKey="Alla F" first="François" last="Alla">François Alla</name></region></country><country name="Belize"><noRegion><name sortKey="Allen, Peter J" sort="Allen, Peter J" uniqKey="Allen P" first="Peter J." last="Allen">Peter J. Allen</name></noRegion></country><country name="Colombie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Alvis Guzman, Nelson" sort="Alvis Guzman, Nelson" uniqKey="Alvis Guzman N" first="Nelson" last="Alvis-Guzman">Nelson Alvis-Guzman</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Groningue (province)"><name sortKey="Amare, Azmeraw T" sort="Amare, Azmeraw T" uniqKey="Amare A" first="Azmeraw T." last="Amare">Azmeraw T. Amare</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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